Glosarium Kode QR
Istilah dan definisi utama dalam teknologi kode QR, diorganisir berdasarkan topik.Istilah-istilah penting dan definisi dalam teknologi kode QR, diorganisasikan berdasarkan topik.
Struktur Kode QR
Modul
The smallest square unit (dark or light) in a QR code.
Pola Pencari
Three corner squares that enable scanner orientation.
Pola Penyelarasan
5x5 reference squares correcting for image distortion.
Pola Timing
Alternating black/white lines defining the module grid.
Zona Hening
Required 4-module white margin around the QR code.
Informasi Format
15-bit field storing EC level and mask pattern.
Informasi Versi
18-bit version identifier for QR codes version 7+.
Modul Gelap
Single always-black module used as a reference point.
Wilayah Data
The area carrying encoded data and error correction.
Pemisah
White border isolating finder patterns from data.
Versi
Size designation (1-40) determining module count.
Ukuran Modul
Physical dimension of one module (min 0.33mm).
Pola Masker
One of 8 XOR patterns optimising module distribution.
Skor Penalti
Score evaluating mask quality via four penalty rules.
Bit Sisa
Zero-padding filling remaining modules after EC data.
Koreksi Kesalahan
Tingkat Koreksi Kesalahan
L/M/Q/H levels defining 7-30% damage recovery.
Kode Reed-Solomon
Symbol-level error correction code used in QR data.
Kata Kode
8-bit data unit in the QR code data stream.
Penyisipan
Distributing codewords across blocks for damage resistance.
Kode BCH
Error correction protecting the format information field.
Kode Golay
Error correction for the version information field.
Medan Galois
GF(256) finite field used in Reed-Solomon arithmetic.
Polinomial Generator
Polynomial generating Reed-Solomon EC codewords.
Kapasitas Koreksi Kesalahan
Maximum correctable symbol errors per block.
Kapasitas Data
Maximum characters per version, EC level, and mode.
Pengkodean dan Data
Mode Pengkodean
Data encoding method (numeric/alphanumeric/byte/kanji).
Mode Numerik
Digits only at 3.33 bits/char — most efficient mode.
Mode Alfanumerik
45-character set at 5.5 bits/char — uppercase only.
Mode Byte
Any byte at 8 bits/char — default for most content.
Mode Kanji
Japanese characters at 13 bits/char via Shift JIS.
Mode ECI
Meta-mode switching character encoding (e.g., to UTF-8).
Indikator Mode
4-bit prefix identifying the data encoding mode.
Indikator Jumlah Karakter
Bit field specifying the data segment length.
Terminator
0000 sequence marking the end of encoded data.
Kata Kode Pengisi
Filler bytes (0xEC/0x11) completing data capacity.
Penambahan Terstruktur
Split one message across up to 16 QR symbols.
Mode FNC1
Mode for GS1 barcodes and AIM application data.
Standar dan Spesifikasi
ISO/IEC 18004
The international QR code standard (ISO).
JIS X 0510
The original Japanese QR code standard (JISC).
Tautan Digital GS1
GS1 standard for product IDs as web URIs in QR codes.
QR Code EMV
EMVCo payment QR code specification.
BIP 21
Bitcoin URI standard for payment QR codes.
Mikro QR Code
Compact QR variant with one finder pattern (M1-M4).
Mikro QR Persegi Panjang (rMQR)
Rectangular QR variant for narrow printing areas.
SQRC
Secure QR with encrypted private data layer (DENSO WAVE).
Shift JIS
Japanese character encoding for QR Kanji mode.
ISO 8859-1
Default byte mode encoding (Latin-1, 256 characters).
Pemindaian dan Pembacaan
Pemindai QR Code
Device or app that reads and decodes QR codes.
Dekoding
The full process of extracting data from a QR image.
Jarak Pemindaian
Maximum reading distance (approx. width / 10).
Resolusi Kamera
Camera pixel count affecting minimum scannable QR size.
Orientasi
QR codes read from any rotation via finder patterns.
Koreksi Distorsi
Compensating for perspective and curvature in scanning.
Resolusi Cetak
DPI for printing — minimum 300 DPI recommended.
Rasio Kontras
Dark/light module brightness difference (min 37.5%).
Kegagalan Pemindaian
Failed QR decode — common causes and prevention.
Pola Zigzag
Two-module-wide up/down reading order for data.
Binarisasi
Converting grayscale QR image to black/white pixels.
Sistem Koordinat
Row/column grid identifying module positions.
Desain Visual
QR Code Kustom
Branded QR code with colours, logos, or artistic elements.
Integrasi Logo
Centre logo placement using EC to recover obscured data.
QR Code Berwarna
QR code with brand colours maintaining contrast.
Modul Berbentuk Bulat
Circular or rounded module shapes for softer appearance.
QR Code SVG
Vector format QR for infinite-resolution scaling.
QR Code Terbalik
White-on-dark colour reversal (reduced compatibility).
QR Code Gradien
Colour gradient across modules — risky for scanning.
QR Code Berbingkai
QR variant with dedicated centre canvas area (iQR).
QR Code Artistik
QR codes integrated into artwork or illustrations.
Ajakan Bertindak (CTA)
Text prompt near QR code instructing users to scan.
Keamanan dan Privasi
QRishing
QR code phishing — fraudulent codes directing to malicious sites.
Serangan Stiker QR
Malicious sticker overlaid on legitimate QR code.
Pratinjau URL
Scanner feature showing URL before opening.
QR Code Anti-Pemalsuan
QR on tamper-evident materials showing removal damage.
Tanda Tangan Kriptografi
Digital signature verifying QR code authenticity.
Sertifikat COVID Digital UE
EU digitally signed health QR certificate standard.
Privasi Data
Privacy risks of personal data in scannable QR codes.
Malware QR Code
Malicious URLs or exploit payloads in QR codes.
QR Code TOTP
otpauth:// URI QR for 2FA authenticator setup.
Watermarking
Invisible tracking data embedded in QR module patterns.
QR Dinamis
QR Code Dinamis
Redirect-based QR with changeable destination.
QR Code Statis
Fixed-content QR with no server dependency.
Pengalihan URL
Server-side HTTP redirect powering dynamic QR codes.
Analitik QR
Scan tracking: count, location, device, and timing.
URL Pendek
Compact URL minimising QR code size.
Kedaluwarsa QR Code
Time or scan-limited dynamic QR code validity.
Pengujian A/B QR
Split-testing destinations via dynamic QR redirect.
QR Code Bertarget Lokasi
Location-based destination routing via dynamic QR.
QR Code Bertarget Perangkat
OS-based routing (iOS to App Store, Android to Play).
Pembuatan QR Code Massal
Programmatic creation of many unique QR codes.
Aplikasi Industri
Menu Tanpa Sentuh
Digital restaurant menu via table-top QR code.
Boarding Pass Mobile
IATA BCBP QR code on smartphone for flight boarding.
UDI (Identifikasi Perangkat Unik)
FDA-mandated medical device QR identification.
GTIN
GS1 product identifier encoded in QR via Digital Link.
Pembayaran QR Code
Financial transactions via merchant/consumer QR codes.
Kupon QR Code
QR-delivered discount codes and promotional offers.
Kartu Nama Digital
vCard/MeCard QR on business cards for instant contacts.
vCard
RFC 6350 electronic contact format for QR codes.
MeCard
Compact NTT DoCoMo contact format for small QR codes.
QR Code WiFi
QR encoding WiFi credentials for auto-connection.
QR Code Rantai Pasokan
QR tracking from manufacturer to consumer.
MPM (Mode Ditampilkan Pedagang)
Merchant displays QR, customer scans to pay.
CPM (Mode Ditampilkan Konsumen)
Consumer shows QR, merchant scans to accept payment.
QR Code iCalendar
QR-encoded calendar event (RFC 5545 iCalendar).
QR Code URI Geo
QR-encoded GPS coordinates opening maps app.
Sejarah dan Inovasi
DENSO WAVE
Japanese inventor of QR codes (1994, Toyota Group).
Masahiro Hara
Lead inventor of the QR code at DENSO WAVE.
Penemuan 1994
QR code creation year — DENSO WAVE for Toyota.
Respons Cepat
'QR' = Quick Response, for high-speed assembly scanning.
Standar Terbuka
DENSO WAVE's free patent licensing enabling global adoption.
Data Matrix
Competing 2D barcode (ISO 16022) without finder patterns.
Kode Aztec
2D barcode with bulls-eye centre, used for boarding passes.
Barcode 2D
Barcode encoding data in two dimensions (QR, Data Matrix).
Barcode 1D
Traditional linear barcode (UPC/EAN) — predecessor to QR.
CBOR
Compact binary data format for QR credentials (RFC 8949).
UTF-8
Unicode encoding via ECI 26 for multilingual QR data.
Adopsi QR Code pada Smartphone
Native camera QR scanning in iOS 11 / Android 9.
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Istilah kode QR apa yang didefinisikan dalam glosarium?
Glosarium mencakup istilah teknis termasuk versi, modul, zona tenang,tingkat koreksi kesalahan, pola pencari, pola masker, dan modepengkodean.
Apa itu koreksi kesalahan dalam kode QR?
Koreksi kesalahan memungkinkan kode QR didekode bahkan ketikasebagian rusak. Tingkat L, M, Q, dan H memulihkan masing-masing 7%,15%, 25%, dan 30% data.
Apa itu modul kode QR?
Modul adalah satuan terkecil (titik persegi) dalam kode QR. Kode QRVersi 1 memiliki kisi modul 21×21; setiap versi tambahan menambahkan4 modul per sisi.
Apa itu zona tenang dalam kode QR?
Zona tenang adalah batas kosong wajib minimal 4 modul yangmengelilingi kode QR yang memastikan pemindai dapat menemukan danmengisolasi simbol.