비트코인 결제 QR Code: BIP 21 URI 가이드

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BIP 21 bitcoin: URI format for payment QR codes. Address formats, amount parameters, and wallet compatibility.

Updated 11월 10, 2025

Bitcoin Payment QR Codes: BIP 21 URI Guide
BIP 21 URI Format
Address Formats
Amount Encoding
Lightning Network
Security Considerations
Use Cases
Key Takeaways

Bitcoin Payment QR Codes: BIP 21 URI Guide

Bitcoin QR codes encode payment requests using the BIP 21 URI scheme, enabling one-scan transactions from any compatible wallet application.

BIP 21 URI Format

bitcoin:1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa?amount=0.001&label=Donation

Parameter	Description	Required
Address	Bitcoin address (after `bitcoin:`)	Yes
`amount`	Amount in BTC	No
`label`	Recipient name/description	No
`message`	Note for the sender	No

Address Formats

Bitcoin has evolved through several address formats:

Legacy (P2PKH): Starts with 1 — universally supported
P2SH: Starts with 3 — SegWit compatible
Bech32 (P2WPKH): Starts with bc1q — native SegWit, lower fees
Bech32m (P2TR): Starts with bc1p — Taproot, latest format

Recommendation: Use Bech32 (bc1q...) for the best balance of wallet compatibility and transaction fees. Verify the recipient wallet supports the address format.

Amount Encoding

The amount parameter is specified in BTC (not satoshis):

amount=0.001 = 0.001 BTC
amount=1.5 = 1.5 BTC

Some wallets also recognise amount=0.00000001 (1 satoshi), but very small amounts may be below the dust threshold and rejected by the network.

Lightning Network

For Lightning payments, the URI scheme extends to:

bitcoin:bc1q...?amount=0.0001&lightning=lnbc...

The lightning parameter contains the BOLT 11 invoice. Wallets supporting Lightning will process it directly; others fall back to the on-chain address.

Security Considerations

Verify addresses carefully: Bitcoin transactions are irreversible
Generate QR codes locally: Do not use online generators for payment QR codes
Watch for sticker attacks: Attackers may overlay QR codes with their own address
Display the address text alongside the QR code for manual verification
Use fresh addresses: Generate new addresses for each transaction for privacy

Use Cases

Point of sale: Merchants display payment QR codes at checkout
Donations: Non-profits display a static Bitcoin address QR code
Invoicing: Embed payment QR codes in PDF invoices
Peer-to-peer: Share payment requests via printed or displayed codes

Key Takeaways

Bitcoin QR codes use the BIP 21 bitcoin: URI scheme
Include amount and label parameters for clear payment requests
Bech32 (bc1q) addresses offer the best fee-to-compatibility ratio
Always verify addresses — Bitcoin transactions are irreversible
Generate payment QR codes locally, never with untrusted online tools